Understanding Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options by Dr. Yogesh Somwanshi

Arthritis is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, impacting joints and leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness. Dr. Yogesh Somwanshi, Orthopaedic Surgeon at Pulse Multispeciality Hospital near Navale Bridge, Pune, explains arthritis, its types, causes, and effective treatment options that can help patients manage symptoms and maintain a better quality of life.

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis refers to inflammation of one or more joints, which causes pain, stiffness, and limited movement. The two most common forms of arthritis are:

Osteoarthritis (OA): Often called “wear and tear” arthritis, osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time, leading to pain and stiffness.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): This is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and joint damage.

Causes of Arthritis

Arthritis can result from various factors, including:

Age: The risk of developing arthritis, especially osteoarthritis, increases with age.
Genetics: A family history of arthritis can increase one’s risk of developing the condition.
Injury: Joint injuries from accidents or sports can lead to arthritis later in life.
Obesity: Excess weight adds stress on joints, particularly the knees, increasing the likelihood of osteoarthritis.
Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis occur when the immune system attacks joint tissues, causing chronic inflammation.

Common Symptoms of Arthritis

Arthritis symptoms can vary based on the type but typically include:

Joint Pain: A persistent ache in the affected joints, often worsening with activity.
Stiffness: Especially after periods of inactivity or in the morning.
Swelling and Redness: Inflamed joints may appear swollen, tender, and warm to the touch.
Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the joint as freely as before.

If you experience persistent joint pain or swelling, consulting an orthopedic specialist is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment Options for Arthritis

While there’s no cure for arthritis, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve joint function. Dr. Yogesh Somwanshi offers several treatment options based on the type and severity of arthritis:

1. Medications

Pain Relievers: Medications such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): For rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs can help slow the disease’s progression and prevent joint damage.

2. Physical Therapy and Exercise

Physical therapy helps strengthen the muscles around the affected joints, increasing stability and reducing pain. Gentle exercises like walking, swimming, or stretching can also help maintain joint flexibility.

3. Lifestyle Modifications

Losing excess weight, avoiding high-impact activities, and incorporating joint-friendly exercises can help reduce stress on the joints.

4. Injections

Corticosteroid Injections: These injections can provide short-term relief from pain and inflammation.
Hyaluronic Acid Injections: For osteoarthritis, these injections can improve lubrication within the joint, enhancing mobility and reducing discomfort.

5. Surgical Options

Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgery to remove damaged cartilage or repair joint structures.
Joint Replacement: For severe cases, total or partial joint replacement may be recommended. Dr. Somwanshi is experienced in performing joint replacements, especially for knees and hips, offering long-term pain relief and improved function.

Preventing Arthritis or Minimizing Its Impact

While some risk factors for arthritis, like age and genetics, cannot be controlled, certain lifestyle habits can help reduce your risk or manage the condition effectively:

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Reducing body weight can lower the stress on joints, especially in the knees and hips, helping prevent osteoarthritis.

2. Exercise Regularly

Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and yoga are ideal for maintaining joint health without adding excessive stress on the joints.

3. Protect Your Joints

Avoid repetitive strain or injuries by using proper techniques during physical activities and wearing protective gear in sports.

4. Stay Active

Regular movement helps prevent stiffness and keeps joints flexible, which can minimize the effects of arthritis.

5. Eat a Balanced Diet

A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables, can support joint health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, have also been shown to reduce inflammation, particularly beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis.

When to Consult an Orthopaedic Specialist

If you’re experiencing persistent joint pain, swelling, or stiffness that affects your daily activities, it may be time to see an orthopedic specialist. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent further joint damage and improve your quality of life. Dr. Yogesh Somwanshi is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for arthritis, tailoring treatment plans to each patient’s unique needs and lifestyle.

Arthritis can impact your daily life, but effective management can help you maintain mobility and reduce pain. With appropriate treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and regular medical guidance, you can manage arthritis and continue to enjoy an active and fulfilling life. Dr. Yogesh Somwanshi and his team at Pulse Multispeciality Hospital near Navale Bridge, Pune, offer personalized care to help patients manage arthritis symptoms and improve joint function.

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